Introduction Classification Helminths infections include tapeworms (cestodes) flukes (trematodes) roundworms (nematodes) (this topic) roundworms are broken down into transmitted by the ingestion of eggs Enterobius vermicularis Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Toxocara canis transmitted by the invasion of lavae through the skin Strongyloides stercoralis Ancylostoma braziliense/caninum Necator americanus transmitted by the ingestion of larvae Trichinella spiralis transmitted by arthropods Wucheria bancrofti Loa loa Onchocerca volvulus Dracunculus medinensis Transmitted by the ingestion of eggs ("EATT") Enterobius vermicularis Introduction also known as pinworms transmitted by ingestion of eggs Diseases perianal pruritis intestinal infection with anal itching scotch tape on anal area to diagnose presence of microscopic eggs initial infection is from contaminated food hand-to-mouth after scratching perpetuates infection most common helminth parasite in U.S. Treatment -bendazoles pyrantel pamoate Ascaris lumbricoides Introduction also known as giant roundworm most common helminth parasite worldwide in U.S., seen in mountainous south transmitted by ingestion of eggs Diseases ascariasis GI and pulmonary symptoms lifecycle involves intestine → lungs → intestine eggs ingested larvae penetrate intestinal wall hematogenous dissemination to lungs growth in alveoli coughed up swallowed mature in intestine excreted in feces eggs visible in feces Treatment -bendazoles pyrantel pamoate Trichuris trichiura Introduction also known as whipworm slow lifecycle transmitted by ingestion of eggs Diseases intestinal prolapse abdominal pain and diarrhea Treatment -bendazoles Toxocara canis Introduction also known as dog roundworm transmitted by ingestion of eggs Diseases visceral larva migrans larvae wander through body causing inflammation granulomas leads to blindness if in retina Treatment albendazole mebendazole Transmitted by the invasion of larvae through the skin ("SANd") Strongyloides stercoralis Introduction also known as threadworm larvae in soil penetrate skin lifecycle involves intestine → lungs → intestine (see above) eggs are not present in stool autoinfection perpetuates indefinitely if not treated Diseases GI vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption, anemia, ulcers, bloody stools pneumonitis Treatment -bendazoles ivermectin Ancylostoma braziliense/caninum Introduction also known as dog and cat hookworm Diseases cutaneous larva migrans also known as "creeping eruption" raised, red, itchy rash that moves as larvae move Treatment -bendazoles Necator americanus Introduction also known as new world hookworm larvae enter through intact skin of bare feet lifecycle involves intestine → lungs → intestine Diseases anemia sucks blood from intestinal walls pneumonitis if migration to lungs Treatment -bendazoles pyrantel pamoate Transmitted by the ingestion of larvae Trichinella spiralis Introduction only helminth tested on Step 1 transmitted by ingestion of larvae Diseases trichinosis larvae encyst in muscle causing inflammation and pain periorbital edema larvae ingested from undercooked meat usually pork Treatment -bendazoles Transmitted by arthropods Wucheria bancrofti Introduction transmitted by female mosquito bite symptoms develop 9-12 months after bite Diseases elephantiasis blockage of lymphatic vessels leads to swelling disfiguration of extremities Treatment diethylcarbamazine Loa loa Introduction also known as African eye worm transmitted by Chrysops (deer fly), horse fly, and mango fly bites Diseases worms in conjunctiva Calabar swelling painful, subcutaneous swelling of skin Treatment diethylcarbamazine Onchocerca volvulus Introduction transmitted by female blackfly bite Diseases river blindness microfilariae (larvae) migrate to eyes causing blindness thickened, hyperpigmented skin ("lizard skin") allergic reaction to microfilariae is possible Treatment ivermectin ("to cure rIVER blindness") Dracunculus medinensis Introduction also known as guinea worm transmitted through drinking water infected with copepods (small crustaceans) eradicated except in Africa Diseases skin inflammation and ulceration worm eruption from skin female pokes through host to expose uterus in order to transmit eggs Treatment niridazole slow worm removal with stick
QUESTIONS 1 of 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Previous Next Lab Values Blood Hematologic Cerebrospinal Sweat, Urine, and BMI Blood, Plasma, Serum Reference Range ALT 8-20 U/L Amylase, serum 25-125 U/L AST 8-20 U/L Bilirubin, serum (adult) Total // Direct 0.1-1.0 mg/dL // 0.0-0.3 mg/dL Calcium, serum (Ca2+) 8.4-10.2 mg/dL Cholesterol, serum Rec: < 200 mg/dL Cortisol, serum 0800 h: 5-23 μg/dL //1600 h: 3-15 μg/dL 2000 h: ≤ 50% of 0800 h Creatine kinase, serum Male: 25-90 U/LFemale: 10-70 U/L Creatinine, serum 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Electrolytes, serum Sodium (Na+) 136-145 mEq/L Chloride (Cl-) 95-105 mEq/L Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Bicarbonate (HCO3-) 22-28 mEq/L Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.5-2.0 mEq/L Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy) 24-28 wks // 32-36 wks 30-170 ng/mL // 60-280 ng/mL 28-32 wk // 36-40 wks 40-220 ng/mL // 80-350 ng/mL Ferritin, serum Male: 15-200 ng/mLFemale: 12-150 ng/mL Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum/plasma Male: 4-25 mIU/mL Female: premenopause: 4-30 mIU/mL midcycle peak: 10-90 mIU/mL postmenopause: 40-250 pH 7.35-7.45 PCO2 33-45 mmHg PO2 75-105 mmHg Glucose, serum Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL2-h postprandial:<120 mg/dL Growth hormone - arginine stimulation Fasting: <5 ng/mLProvocative stimuli: > 7ng/mL Immunoglobulins, serum IgA 76-390 mg/dL IgE 0-380 IU/mL IgG 650-1500 mg/dL IgM 40-345 mg/dL Iron 50-170 μg/dL Lactate dehydrogenase, serum 45-90 U/L Luteinizing hormone, serum/plasma Male: 6-23 mIU/mL Female: follicular phase: 5-30 mIU/mL midcycle: 75-150 mIU/mL postmenopause 30-200 mIU/mL Osmolality, serum 275-295 mOsmol/kd H2O Parathyroid hormone, serume, N-terminal 230-630 pg/mL Phosphatase (alkaline), serum (p-NPP at 30° C) 20-70 U/L Phosphorus (inorganic), serum 3.0-4.5 mg/dL Prolactin, serum (hPRL) < 20 ng/mL Proteins, serum Total (recumbent) 6.0-7.8 g/dL Albumin 3.5-5.5 g/dL Globulin 2.3-3.5 g/dL Thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum or plasma .5-5.0 μU/mL Thyroidal iodine (123I) uptake 8%-30% of administered dose/24h Thyroxine (T4), serum 5-12 μg/dL Triglycerides, serum 35-160 mg/dL Triiodothyronine (T3), serum (RIA) 115-190 ng/dL Triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake 25%-35% Urea nitrogen, serum 7-18 mg/dL Uric acid, serum 3.0-8.2 mg/dL Hematologic Reference Range Bleeding time 2-7 minutes Erythrocyte count Male: 4.3-5.9 million/mm3Female: 3.5-5.5 million mm3 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) Male: 0-15 mm/hFemale: 0-20 mm/h Hematocrit Male: 41%-53%Female: 36%-46% Hemoglobin A1c ≤ 6 % Hemoglobin, blood Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dLFemale: 12.0-16.0 g/dL Hemoglobin, plasma 1-4 mg/dL Leukocyte count and differential Leukocyte count 4,500-11,000/mm3 Segmented neutrophils 54%-62% Bands 3%-5% Eosinophils 1%-3% Basophils 0%-0.75% Lymphocytes 25%-33% Monocytes 3%-7% Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 25.4-34.6 pg/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31%-36% Hb/cell Mean corpuscular volume 80-100 μm3 Partial thromboplastin time (activated) 25-40 seconds Platelet count 150,000-400,000/mm3 Prothrombin time 11-15 seconds Reticulocyte count 0.5%-1.5% of red cells Thrombin time < 2 seconds deviation from control Volume Plasma Male: 25-43 mL/kgFemale: 28-45 mL/kg Red cell Male: 20-36 mL/kgFemale: 19-31 mL/kg Cerebrospinal Fluid Reference Range Cell count 0-5/mm3 Chloride 118-132 mEq/L Gamma globulin 3%-12% total proteins Glucose 40-70 mg/dL Pressure 70-180 mm H2O Proteins, total < 40 mg/dL Sweat Reference Range Chloride 0-35 mmol/L Urine Calcium 100-300 mg/24 h Chloride Varies with intake Creatinine clearance Male: 97-137 mL/minFemale: 88-128 mL/min Estriol, total (in pregnancy) 30 wks 6-18 mg/24 h 35 wks 9-28 mg/24 h 40 wks 13-42 mg/24 h 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids Male: 3.0-10.0 mg/24 hFemale: 2.0-8.0 mg/24 h 17-Ketosteroids, total Male: 8-20 mg/24 hFemale: 6-15 mg/24 h Osmolality 50-1400 mOsmol/kg H2O Oxalate 8-40 μg/mL Potassium Varies with diet Proteins, total < 150 mg/24 h Sodium Varies with diet Uric acid Varies with diet Body Mass Index (BMI) Adult: 19-25 kg/m2 Calculator ( ) xy AC 7 8 9 ÷ 4 5 6 × 1 2 3 - 0 . = + Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M1.MC.4817) A 32-year-old woman presents to your office with abdominal pain and bloating over the last month. She also complains of intermittent, copious, non-bloody diarrhea over the same time. Last month, she had a cough that has since improved but has not completely resolved. She has no sick contacts and has not left the country recently. She denies any myalgias, itching, or rashes. Physical and laboratory evaluations are unremarkable. Examination of her stool reveals the causative organism. This organism is most likely transmitted to the human host through which of the following routes? Review Topic QID: 109392 1 Inhalation 16% (15/95) 2 Penetration of skin 53% (50/95) 3 Animal bite 24% (23/95) 4 Insect bite 0% (0/95) 5 Sexual contact 5% (5/95) M1 Select Answer to see Preferred Response PREFERRED RESPONSE 2 Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK
Toxocara Canis Microbiology - Roundworms (Nematodes) - Treatment Consult a funny/illustrative video on the dog roundworm 12/5/2015 23 views