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Updated: Jan 31 2022

Anti-Protozoal Drugs

  • Introduction
    • Drugs
      • pyrimethamine
      • sulfadiazine
      • suramin
      • melarsoprol
      • nifurtimox
      • sodium stibogluconate
      • metronidazole
      • amphotericin B
      • benznidazole
      • nitazoxanide
    • Clinical use
      • protozoa
        • treatment
      • see anti-malarials topic for malaria-specific treatments
      • Anti-Protozoal Medications
      • Drug
      • Mechanism of Action
      • Adverse Effects
      • Indications
      • Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
      • Pyrimethamine: folic acid antagonist
      • Sulfadiazine: competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid (also anti-folate)
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Drug rash
      • Pancytopenia
      • Folate deficiency
        • co-administer with leucovorin
      • Toxoplasma gondii
      • Suramin
      • Unknown but inhibits trypanosomal energy metabolism
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Peripheral neuropathy
      • Renal toxicity
      • Trypanosoma brucei, blood-borne disease
      • Melarsoprol
      • Inhibits pyruvate kinase
      • Brain dysfunction
      • Renal toxicity
      • Hepatic toxicity
      • Trypanosoma brucei, central nervous system disease
      • Nifurtimox
      • Causes breakdown of DNA via radical metabolite formation
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Headache
      • Weight loss
      • Trypanosoma cruzi
      • Sodium stibogluconate
      • Unknown but may inhibit citric acid cycle and glycolysis in the protozoa
      • Loss of appetite
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Myalgias
      • Fatigue
      • Pancreatitis
      • Leishmania donovani
      • Metronidazole
      • Causes breakdown of DNA via free radical metabolite formation
      • Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
      • Headache
      • Metallic taste
      • Giardia lamblia
      • Entamoeba histolytica
      • Trichomonas vaginalis
        • treat the partner too
      • Amphotericin B
      • Binds ergosterol and allows leakage of electrolytes from the membrane
      • Fevers and chills
      • Hypotension
      • Renal toxicity
      • Arrhythmias
      • Anemia
      • Phlebitis
      • Leishmania donovani
      • Naegleria fowleri
      • Benznidazole
      • Causes breakdown of DNA via free radical metabolite formation
      • Rash
      • Peripheral neuropathy
      • Myalgias
      • Loss of appetite
      • Bone marrow suppression
      • Trypanosoma cruzi
      • Nitazoxanide
      • Disrupts anaerobic energy metabolism
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Rash
      • Fever
      • Cryptosporidium
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