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Updated: Mar 6 2023

Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections

  • Bugs causing UTIs
      •  Bugs causing UTIs
      • Bug (Bacteria only)
      • Comments
      • E. coli
      • #1 leading cause of UTI
      • S. saprophyticus
      • #2 leading cause of UTI, common in young, sexually active women
      • K. pneumoniae
      • Proteus
      • P. aeruginosa
      • Common cause in patients with indwelling catheters
      • Serratia
      • Enterobacter cloacae
      • E. faecalis
    • Urinary tract infections
      • cystitis ("bladder infection")
        • dysuria
        • polyuria
        • suprapubic pain
        • WBCs in urine
          • no casts
        • systemic symptoms (e.g. fever) uncommon
      • pyelonephritis (infection reaches upper urinary tract or kidney)
        • fever
        • chills
        • flank pain / costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
        • WBC casts in urine
        • hematuria
    • Diagnosis
      • positive leukocyte esterase test = bacterial UTI
      • positive Nitrite test = Gram-Negative bacterial UTI
    • Predisposing factors
      • urinary catheterization
      • diabetes
      • pregnancy
      • kidney surgery
      • congenital defects
      • vesicoureteral reflux (urine flows from bladder back to ureters)
      • BPH
    • Epidemiology
      • women affected 10x more frequently than men
        • shorter urethra
        • proximity of urethra to anus
        • colonization of vagina by fecal flora
      • leading cause of UTIs is urinary catheters
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