Snapshot A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department for generalized malaise and fatigue. His symptoms are associated with fever and chills. He denies any sick contacts or recent travel and cannot identify a possible cause for his symptoms. Medical history is unremarkable. His temperature is 101°F (38.3°C), blood pressure is 140/88 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, and respirations are 18/min. Physical examination is notable for a new heart murmur and splinter hemorrhages. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrates mitral valve vegetations and blood cultures grow Streptococcus gallolyticus. Preparations are made for a colonoscopy. Introduction Classification gram-positive cocci that are an important cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis in adults grows in the presence of 40% bile cannot grow in 6.5% NaCl broth pyrrolidonyl arylamidase negative distinguishes it from enterococci Reservoir gut Associated condition a strong association between group D streptococci (GDS) infection and colonic neoplasms and other gastrointestinal tract lesions (e.g., liver disease) Presentation Endocarditis symptoms fever chills anorexia and weight loss physical exam new heart murmur petechiae or splinter hemorrhages Janeway lesions Osler nodes Roth spots Treatment Medical penicillin or ceftriaxone indication treatment of choice for systemic GDS infection