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Updated: Nov 28 2019

Anti-Helminth Drugs

  • Snapshot
    • A 45-year-old man presents to the urgent care clinic with a skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and cough. He has a medical history notable for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He recently visited his family’s farm in the countryside and walked around without shoes. He is asked to give a stool sample, and analysis of the sample showed rhabditiform larvae on microscopy but no eggs. He is started on an anti-helminthic medication. (Strongyloides infection)
  • Introduction
    • Drugs
      • pyrantel pamoate
      • ivermectin
      • mebendazole
      • praziquantel
      • diethylcarbamazine
      • niridazole
    • Clinical use
      • helminths
        • cestodes (tapeworms)
        • trematodes (flukes)
        • nematodes (roundworms)
      • Anti-Helminth Medications
      • Drug
      • Mechanism of Action
      • Adverse Effects
      • Helminth
      • Pyrantel pamoate
      • Neuromuscular blocking agent, causing depolarization
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Headaches
      • Nematodes
        • Enterobius
        • Ancylostoma
        • Necator
      • Ivermectin
      • Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels, causing hyperpolarization
      • Skin pruritus
      • Nematodes
        • Onchocerca (Rivermectin)
        • Strongyloides
      • Bendazole
      • Inhibits tubulin polymerizationinterfering with microtubule formation
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
      • Mebendazole 
        • nematodes
          • Enterobius
          • Ascaris
          • Toxocara
          • Trichuris
          • Trichinella
          • Strongyloides
          • Ancylostoma
          • Necator
      • Albendazole
        • cestodes
          • Taenia
          • Echinococcus
      • Praziquantel 
      • Increases cell membrane permeability of calcium and causes paralysis in the helminth
      • Gastrointestinal upset
      • Dizziness
      • Cestodes
        • Taenia
        • Diphyllobothrium
      • Trematodes
        • Schistosoma
        • Clonorchis
        • Paragonimus
      • Diethylcarbamazine
      • Inhibits arachidonic acid metabolismmaking the helminth more susceptible to the host's innate immune system
      • Skin pruritus
      • Facial swelling
      • Headaches
      • Nematodes
        • Wucheria
        • Loa loa
      • Niridazole
      • Inhibits oogenesis and spermatogenesis
      • Central nervous system toxicity
      • Nematode
        • Dracunculus
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