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Updated: Feb 4 2018

Fungi

  • Fungi Table
      • Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses 
      • Fungi
      • Disease
      • Treatment
      • Malassezia furfur
      • Tinea versicolor
      • Miconazole
      • Selenium sulfide
      • Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton
      • Tineas (ringworm, jock itch, and athlete's foot)
      • Imidazoles
      • Sporothrix schenckii
      • Sporotrichosis (rose gardner's disease)
      • Itraconazole
      • Systemic Mycoses 
      • Fungi
      • Disease
      • Treatment
      • Histoplasma capsulatum 
      • Histoplasmosis (pneumonia)
      • Fluconazole
      • Amphotericin B
      • Coccidioides immitis  
      • Coccidioidomycosis (pneumonia, meningitis, and skin/bone infection) 
      • Fluconazole
      • Amphotericin B
      • Blastomyces dermatitidis
      • Blastomycosis (chronic inflammatory lung disease and skin/bone infection)
      • Fluconazole
      • Amphotericin B
      • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 
      • Paracoccidioidomycosis (pneumonia)
      • Fluconazole
      • Amphotericin B
      • Opportunistic Mycoses 
      • Fungi
      • Disease
      • Treatment
      • Candida albicans
      • Oral thrush
      • Candida intertrigo
      • Vaginitis
      • Disseminated disease in immunocompromised (neutropenia) 
      • Nystatin
      • Amphotericin B
      • Cryptococcus neoformans
      • Cryptococcosis (meningitis, pneumonia, and skin/bone infections)
      • Amphotericin B
      • Flucytosine
      • Aspergillus
      • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
      • Aspergilloma
      • Invasive aspergillosis
      • Itraconazole
      • Amphotericin B
      • Mucor and Rhizopus
      • Mucormycosis (rhinocerebral infection)
      • Amphotericin B
      • Pneumocystis jiroveci 
      • PCP (diffuse interstitial pneumonia)
      • TMP-SMX
  • Fungi Introduction
    • Fungi is a large group of eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms
    • Yeast
      • unicellular fungi
      • reproduce by budding
        • reproduce more slowly than bacteria
      • cells are spherical to ellipsoidal in shape
      • buds that do not separate form long chains of yeast cells called pseudohyphae
        • Candida albicans forms pseudohyphae
    • Molds
      • multicellular colonies
        • composed of clumps of intertwined branching hyphae
      • grow by longitudinal extension
      • produce spores
    • Dimorphic fungi
      • can grow as either yeast or mold depending on the environmental conditions
        • usually grows as a yeast at body temperatures
        • "mold in the cold"
      • examples
        • Histoplasma
        • Blastomyces
        • Coccidioides
        • Sporothrix
  • Fungal Morphology
    • Spores
      • the reproductive structure of molds
        • adapted for dispersal
      • conidia are asexual fungal spores (Greek: "konia" = "dust")
        • most fungal spores are asexual
        • types of conidia include blastoconidia and arthroconidia
        • coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are transmitted by inhalation of asexual species
    • Hyphae
      • long, threadlike, branching, filamentous, tubular structure of a fungus
      • composed of fungal cells attached end to end
      • grow by extending from the ends of the tubules
    • Cell membrane
      • innermost layer around fungal cytoplasm
      • contains ergosterol
        • analogous to cholesterol in humans
        • amphotericin B and nystatin bind to ergosterol
        • ketoconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis
    • Cell wall
      • surrounds cell membrane
      • contains mostly complex carbohydrates
        • explains calcification in chronic infection
      • fungal cell walls are potent antigens
    • Capsule
      • polysaccharide coating surrounding the cell wall
      • visualized with India ink stain
      • can be an antiphagocytic virulence factor
        • used by Cryptococcus neoformans
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