Overview Enhancer function allow signal transduced to ↑ transcription act by binding and bending DNA such that they can act on the promoter directly location may be very far from gene locus may be within gene locus orientation does not matter examples glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) bind glucocorticoid estrogen response elements (EREs) bind estrogen cAMP response element (CREs) bind cAMP Silencers act in a mechanism similar to enhancers but ↓ transcription Upstream promoter elements function allow transcription factor induced transcription ↑ location close to gene locus examples CCAAT box bind NF-1 TATA box 5'-UTR untranslated region upstream of start codon Kozak consensus sequence GCCGCCRCCAUGG, where R is A or G three bases upstream from AUG start codon plays a major role in initiation of translation a mutation in the Kozak consensus sequence may cause β-thalassemia intermedia Start codon codes for methionine (AUG) beginning of translated (coding) region Coding region between start codon and stop codon following transcription contains introns and exons (eukaryotes) Stop codon UGA, UAG, UAA terminates translation 3'-UTR untranslated region downstream of stop codon
QUESTIONS 1 of 4 1 2 3 4 Previous Next (M1.BC.15.14) A 5-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician after his parents noted that he could not sustain physical exertion and would experience muscle cramping. It was noted that after physical exertion the boy experienced severe muscle pain. After a series of biochemical and genetic tests, it was discovered the that the boy had a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the muscle glycogen phosphorylase. Thus he was diagnosed with McArdle's disease. Which of the following mRNA changes would be expected to cause this mutation? Tested Concept QID: 100079 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 UGU -> CGC 4% (9/222) 2 AUG -> UCA 5% (12/222) 3 CUG -> AUG 10% (23/222) 4 UGA -> UAG 15% (33/222) 5 UAU -> UAA 62% (137/222) M 1 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 5 Review tested concept Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M1.BC.14.1) Which of the following trinucleotide DNA sequences would initiate protein translation when converted to mRNA? Tested Concept QID: 106279 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 3' - TAC - 5' 60% (18/30) 2 3' - ACT - 5' 7% (2/30) 3 3' - ATC - 5' 7% (2/30) 4 3' - ATT - 5' 17% (5/30) 5 3' - AAA - 5' 3% (1/30) M 1 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 1 Review tested concept (M1.BC.13.30) Given the mRNA sequence shown below, if translation were to start at the first base, what would the tRNA anticodon be for the last amino acid translated in the chain?5'----GCACCGGCCUGACUAUAA---3' Tested Concept QID: 100095 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 3' GCG 5' 2% (8/387) 2 3' CGC 5' 6% (23/387) 3 3' GAU 5' 24% (94/387) 4 5' CGG 3' 19% (75/387) 5 3' CGG 5' 43% (166/387) M 1 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 5 Review tested concept
All Videos (1) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Promoter and Termination sites of Transcription Keshav Mudgal Biochemistry - Gene Organization D 1/14/2016 64 views 3.5 (2)