Snapshot A 12-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with chest pain after gym class. His parents note that he has been having increased episodes of difficulty catching his breath after exertion and has had previous episodes of chest pain on exertion. Upon physical exam yellow deposits are found on his heels and on his eyebrows. Based on clinical suspicion a LDL level is obtained and is found to be 480 mg/dL. He is referred to a geneticist for evaluation of deficiencies in LDL receptors and is prescribed a statin. Hyperlipoproteinemia Overview Type I hyperlipoproteinemia (hyperchylomicronemia) pathophysiology login to view 2 more bullets presentation login to view 4 more bullets Type II hyperlipoproteinemia pathophysiology login to view 5 more bullets presentation login to view 4 more bullets Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (familial dysbetalipoproteinemia) pathophysiology login to view 4 more bullets presentation login to view 2 more bullets Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia (familial hypertriglyceridemia) pathophysiology login to view 4 more bullets Type V hyperlipoproteinemia type I + type IV login to view 2 more bullets Acquired hypercholesterolemia obstructive jaundice oral contraceptives Acquired hypertriglyceridemia alcoholism renal failure diabetes mellitus Treatment for hyperlipoproteinemias dietary modifications (type I) statins (type II - IV) niacin (type II, IV, V) fibrates (type IIa, IV, V) bile acid sequestrants (type IIa) Hypolipoproteinemia Overview Abetalipoproteinemia AR pathophysiology login to view 4 more bullets presentation login to view 6 more bullets High Yield Remember that type I, IIa, and IV are the most common types of hyperlipoproteinemia I and IV present with pancreatitis, IIa presents with early symptoms of ACS Treat all types other than I with statins, niacin, and fibrates