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Updated: May 28 2019

RNA Polymerases

  • Prokaryotic Overview
    • 1 type of RNA polymerase (RNAp)
    • Structure
      • α2ββ' core subunits
    • Initiation
      • σ (sigma) = initiation factor
      • binds RNAp to DNA
    • Termination
      • ρ (rho) = termination factor
    • Clinical importance
      • inhibited by
        • rifampin
          • antibiotic
        • actinomycin D
          • antibiotic
  • Eukaryotic Overview
    • 3 types of RNA polymerase
      • RNAp 1
        • synthesizes rRNA in nucleolus
        • remember: rRNA is most abundant RNA; so it is #1
      • RNAp 2
        • synthesizes mRNA, snRNA in nucleus
      • RNAp 3
        • synthesizes tRNA in nucleus
        • remember: tee = three
        • makes eukaryotic 5s rRNA
    • Structure
      • similar in structure to prokaryotes
    • Initiation
      • TFIID = initiation factor
      • binds RNAp to DNA
    • Termination
      • translation continues far past gene and RNAp eventually falls off
    • Clinical importance
      • inhibited by
        • α-amanitin
          • poison in death cap mushrooms
          • inhibits RNA polymerase 2 from synthesizing small nucleolar RNA and messenger RNA
          • leads to acute liver and kidney failure
        • actinomycin D
          • chemotherapeutic
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