Snapshot A 15-year-old boy presents with fatigue and masses around his neck. The masses are small, mobile, and do not hurt. A few months ago, he had had an episode of infectious mononucleosis. He is referred for a lymph node biopsy, which comes back with positive Reed-Sternberg cells. Introduction B-cell malignancy originating in lymphatic system Pathogenesis 50% of cases associated with EBV infection Reed-Sternberg cells CD15+ and CD30+ Epidemiology bimodal distribution young adulthood > 55 years male > female Types of Hodgkin lymphoma nodular sclerosing most common mixed cellularity lymphocyte-rich & predominant especially in < 35-year-olds but also in older adults lymphocyte-depleted especially in > 60-year-olds other systemic diseases Risk factors infectious mononucleosis with EBV Presentation Symptoms constitutional ("B") symptoms fever night sweats weight loss all caused by cytokines released from Reed-Sternberg cells persistent painless lymphadenopathy Physical exam nontender mass of localized, single group of nodes rubbery mobile cervical supraclavicular axillary Evaluation Imaging for staging Lymph node biopsy Reed-Sternberg cells binucleate or bilobed, “owl-eyed” nuclei mixed cellularity type large inflammatory infiltrate with many eosinophils nodular sclerosing type diffuse band-like fibrosis with lacunar spaces Differential Diagnosis Non-Hodgkin lymphoma AIDS-related lymphadenopathy Infection Breast cancer Cat-scratch fever Treatment Based on staging Chemotherapy Radiation Prognosis, Prevention, and Complications Prognosis > 80% with treatment better than non-Hodgkin lymphoma lymphocyte-predominant = best prognosis lymphocyte-deplete = worst prognosis higher lymphocyte:RS cell ratio = better prognosis Complications SVC syndrome paraneoplastic syndromes calctriol secretion causes hypercalcemia from treatment risk of solid tumors (breast, thyroid, and lung) risk of premature coronary artery disease risk of infection
QUESTIONS 1 of 2 1 2 Previous Next Lab Values Blood Hematologic Cerebrospinal Sweat, Urine, and BMI Blood, Plasma, Serum Reference Range ALT 8-20 U/L Amylase, serum 25-125 U/L AST 8-20 U/L Bilirubin, serum (adult) Total // Direct 0.1-1.0 mg/dL // 0.0-0.3 mg/dL Calcium, serum (Ca2+) 8.4-10.2 mg/dL Cholesterol, serum Rec: < 200 mg/dL Cortisol, serum 0800 h: 5-23 μg/dL //1600 h: 3-15 μg/dL 2000 h: ≤ 50% of 0800 h Creatine kinase, serum Male: 25-90 U/LFemale: 10-70 U/L Creatinine, serum 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Electrolytes, serum Sodium (Na+) 136-145 mEq/L Chloride (Cl-) 95-105 mEq/L Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Bicarbonate (HCO3-) 22-28 mEq/L Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.5-2.0 mEq/L Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy) 24-28 wks // 32-36 wks 30-170 ng/mL // 60-280 ng/mL 28-32 wk // 36-40 wks 40-220 ng/mL // 80-350 ng/mL Ferritin, serum Male: 15-200 ng/mLFemale: 12-150 ng/mL Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum/plasma Male: 4-25 mIU/mL Female: premenopause: 4-30 mIU/mL midcycle peak: 10-90 mIU/mL postmenopause: 40-250 pH 7.35-7.45 PCO2 33-45 mmHg PO2 75-105 mmHg Glucose, serum Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL2-h postprandial:<120 mg/dL Growth hormone - arginine stimulation Fasting: <5 ng/mLProvocative stimuli: > 7ng/mL Immunoglobulins, serum IgA 76-390 mg/dL IgE 0-380 IU/mL IgG 650-1500 mg/dL IgM 40-345 mg/dL Iron 50-170 μg/dL Lactate dehydrogenase, serum 45-90 U/L Luteinizing hormone, serum/plasma Male: 6-23 mIU/mL Female: follicular phase: 5-30 mIU/mL midcycle: 75-150 mIU/mL postmenopause 30-200 mIU/mL Osmolality, serum 275-295 mOsmol/kd H2O Parathyroid hormone, serume, N-terminal 230-630 pg/mL Phosphatase (alkaline), serum (p-NPP at 30° C) 20-70 U/L Phosphorus (inorganic), serum 3.0-4.5 mg/dL Prolactin, serum (hPRL) < 20 ng/mL Proteins, serum Total (recumbent) 6.0-7.8 g/dL Albumin 3.5-5.5 g/dL Globulin 2.3-3.5 g/dL Thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum or plasma .5-5.0 μU/mL Thyroidal iodine (123I) uptake 8%-30% of administered dose/24h Thyroxine (T4), serum 5-12 μg/dL Triglycerides, serum 35-160 mg/dL Triiodothyronine (T3), serum (RIA) 115-190 ng/dL Triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake 25%-35% Urea nitrogen, serum 7-18 mg/dL Uric acid, serum 3.0-8.2 mg/dL Hematologic Reference Range Bleeding time 2-7 minutes Erythrocyte count Male: 4.3-5.9 million/mm3Female: 3.5-5.5 million mm3 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) Male: 0-15 mm/hFemale: 0-20 mm/h Hematocrit Male: 41%-53%Female: 36%-46% Hemoglobin A1c ≤ 6 % Hemoglobin, blood Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dLFemale: 12.0-16.0 g/dL Hemoglobin, plasma 1-4 mg/dL Leukocyte count and differential Leukocyte count 4,500-11,000/mm3 Segmented neutrophils 54%-62% Bands 3%-5% Eosinophils 1%-3% Basophils 0%-0.75% Lymphocytes 25%-33% Monocytes 3%-7% Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 25.4-34.6 pg/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31%-36% Hb/cell Mean corpuscular volume 80-100 μm3 Partial thromboplastin time (activated) 25-40 seconds Platelet count 150,000-400,000/mm3 Prothrombin time 11-15 seconds Reticulocyte count 0.5%-1.5% of red cells Thrombin time < 2 seconds deviation from control Volume Plasma Male: 25-43 mL/kgFemale: 28-45 mL/kg Red cell Male: 20-36 mL/kgFemale: 19-31 mL/kg Cerebrospinal Fluid Reference Range Cell count 0-5/mm3 Chloride 118-132 mEq/L Gamma globulin 3%-12% total proteins Glucose 40-70 mg/dL Pressure 70-180 mm H2O Proteins, total < 40 mg/dL Sweat Reference Range Chloride 0-35 mmol/L Urine Calcium 100-300 mg/24 h Chloride Varies with intake Creatinine clearance Male: 97-137 mL/minFemale: 88-128 mL/min Estriol, total (in pregnancy) 30 wks 6-18 mg/24 h 35 wks 9-28 mg/24 h 40 wks 13-42 mg/24 h 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids Male: 3.0-10.0 mg/24 hFemale: 2.0-8.0 mg/24 h 17-Ketosteroids, total Male: 8-20 mg/24 hFemale: 6-15 mg/24 h Osmolality 50-1400 mOsmol/kg H2O Oxalate 8-40 μg/mL Potassium Varies with diet Proteins, total < 150 mg/24 h Sodium Varies with diet Uric acid Varies with diet Body Mass Index (BMI) Adult: 19-25 kg/m2 Calculator ( ) xy AC 7 8 9 ÷ 4 5 6 × 1 2 3 - 0 . = + (M1.ON.4753) A 52-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of fever, chills, and night sweats. She says that these symptoms have been present for several months but appear to be getting worse. Her past medical history is significant for mild hypertension and pre-diabetes. She has otherwise been healthy and does not currently take any medications. Physical examination reveals supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy is performed and the result is shown in Figure A. Which of the following cell surface markers is most likely found on the prominent abnormal cell seen in the figure? Review Topic QID: 108772 FIGURES: A 1 CD3 7% (8/107) 2 CD4 13% (14/107) 3 CD8 17% (18/107) 4 CD16 17% (18/107) 5 CD30 44% (47/107) M1 Select Answer to see Preferred Response PREFERRED RESPONSE 5 (M1.ON.6) A 28-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of fever, chills, night sweats, and a "lump" in the middle portion of his neck. A biopsy of the cervical protuberance is taken and shown in Figure A. The large cell shown in the center of Figure A is likely of which of the following origins? Review Topic QID: 101316 FIGURES: A 1 B-cell 70% (51/73) 2 T-cell 8% (6/73) 3 Basophil 3% (2/73) 4 Metamyelocyte 4% (3/73) 5 Monocyte 14% (10/73) M1 Select Answer to see Preferred Response PREFERRED RESPONSE 1