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Updated: Sep 16 2021

Paraneoplastic Effects of Tumors

Images
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  • Snapshot
    • A 62-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaint of malaise and weakness for the past two months. She describes that she has difficulty getting out of a chair as well as climbing the few steps up to her front door. The patient has a 36-pack-year smoking history. Physical examination is notable for weakness in the proximal upper and lower extremities bilaterally. Laboratory studies reveal autoantibodies against voltage-gated calcium channels. A chest radiograph is obtained and shown in the image.
  • Introduction
    • Overview
      • paraneoplastic syndromes occur separately from the tumor itself, but result from substances produced by the tumor
        • symptoms may affect various body systems (i.e., endocrine, hematologic, and neuromuscular)
      • Endocrine
      • Syndrome or Clinical Manifestation
      • Associated Tumors
      • Potential Tumor Products
      • Hypercalcemia
      • Squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, head, and heck
      • Renal carcinomas
      • Bladder carcinomas
      • Breast carcinomas
      • Ovarian carcinomas
      • PTHrP↑ 1,25-(OH)2
      • vitamin D3 (calcitriol)
      • Cushing syndrome
      • Small cell lung cancer
      • ↑ ACTH
      • Hyponatremia (SIADH)
      • Small cell lung cancer
      • ↑ ADH
      • Hematologic
      • Syndrome or Clinical Manifestation
      • Associated Tumors
      • Potential Tumor Products
      • Polycythemia
      • Renal cell carcinoma
      • Pheochromocytoma
      • Hemangioblastoma
      • Leiomyoma
      • Hepatocellular carcinoma
      • ↑ EPO
      • Neuromuscular
      • Syndrome or Clinical Manifestation
      • Associated Tumors
      • Potential Tumor Products
      • Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
      • Small cell lung cancer
      • Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at the neuromuscular junction
      • Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis
      • Small cell lung cancer
      • Antibodies against Hu antigens in neurons
      • Myasthenia gravis
      • Thymoma
      • Antibodies against postsynaptic ACh receptors at the neuromuscular junction
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