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Updated: Feb 9 2019

Tumor Nomenclature

  • Tumor Grade Vs. Stage
    • Grade
      • histologic assessment of how closely a neoplasm resembles the original tissue
      • graded I-IV
        • score given on degree of differentiation and number of mitoses
      • important determinant of prognosis
        • the less a tumor resembles the original tissue the worse the prognosis
    • Stage
      • degree of size and spread of a neoplasm
      • typically has more prognostic value than grade
        • importance in determining stage
          • metastasis (non-lymph node) > lymph node involvement > size of tumor
      • TNM staging system is commonly used to describe the stage
        • T = size of tumor
        • N = node involvement
        • M = metastases
      • determined after surgical resection of tumor
  • Tumor nomenclature
    • Carcinoma denotes epithelial origin
    • Sarcoma denotes mesenchymal origin
      • Tumor nomenclature
      • Cell type
      • Benign
      • Malignant
      • Epithelium
      • Adenoma, papilloma
      • Adenocarcinoma and papillary carcinoma
      • Melanocyte
      • Nevus
      • Melanoma
      • Mesenchyme
      • Blood cells
      • n/a
      • Leukemia and lymphoma
      • Blood vessels
      • Hemangioma
      • Angiosarcoma
      • Smooth muscle
      • Leiomyoma
      • Leiomyosarcoma
      • Skeletal muscle
      • Rhabdomyoma
      • Rhabdomyosarcoma
      • Bone
      • Osteoma
      • Osteosarcoma
      • Fat
      • Lipoma
      • Liposarcoma
      • >1 cell type
      • Mature teratoma (women)
      • Immature teratoma and mature teratoma (men)
  • Tumor differences
    • Benign
      • usually well-differentiated (i.e. low grade)
      • slow growing
      • well circumscribed
      • no metastasis
    • Malignant
      • may be poorly differentiated (i.e. high grade)
      • erratic growth
      • poorly circumscribed
      • may metastasize
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