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Updated: Oct 1 2019

Hepatic Adenoma

  • Snapshot
    • A 22-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for worsening right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She states that her symptoms have slowly progressed since the past 2 days. On physical exam, you note an athletic female with well-developed muscles. Her current medications include only oral contraceptives. Suddenly, the patient's blood pressure drops to 90/30 mmHg and her pulse is 145/min.
  • Introduction
    • Overview
      • benign epithelial tumors arising in the liver
        • typically arising in the right hepatic lobe and are usually solitary masses
          • multiple adenomas can be seen in
            • prolonged contraceptic use
            • glycogen storage disorders
            • hepatic adenomatosis
    • Epidemiology
      • demographic
        • young women
      • risk factors
        • oral contraceptives
        • anabolic androgens
        • glycogen storage disorders type I and III
        • pregnancy
  • Introduction
    • Symptoms
      • abdominal pain
        • may be localized in the epigastrum or in the right upper quadrant
        • sudden, severe abdominal pain with hypotension suggests rupture of the hepatic adenoma into the peritoneum
    • Physical examination
      • abdominal mass
        • can be seen in ~30% of cases
  • Imaging
    • Abdominal ultrasound
      • indication
        • typically assesses adenomas of the liver; however, findings are typically nonspecific
      • findings
        • large and often a right lobe lesion
        • typically a hyperechoic mass
    • CT abdomen with and without contrast
      • indication
        • another imaging modality to better characterize liver lesions
      • findings
        • may have changes consistent with hemorrhage
    • MRI of the abdomen with and without contrast
      • indication
        • another imaging modality to better characterize liver lesions
      • findings
        • may show arterial enhancement
  • Studies
    • Histopathology
      • gross
        • soft, smooth, tanned masses containing prominent blood vessels
      • histology
        • adenoma cells that contains glycogen and lipids
  • Differential
    • Hepatocellular carcinoma
      • differentiating factor
        • increased α-fetoprotein
        • hypervascular tumor on CT
  • Treatment
    • Lifestyle
      • discontinuation of the oral contraceptives or steroids
        • indication
          • in asymptomatic patients
            • some physicians may prefer resection
    • Surgical
      • resection
        • indication
          • in symptomatic and large adenomas
  • Complications
    • Malignant transformation
    • Spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage
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