Adenocarcinoma Embryological risk factors urachal remnants exstrophy of the bladder Other risk factors cystis glandularis Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Most common sarcoma in children can involve the urinary or reproductive systems boys more commonly have urethral involvement girls more commonly have vaginal involvement Presents as mass of grape-like tissue Secondary Cancer Invasion of the Bladder Cancers of surrounding tissue may invade the bladder cervix and prostate are most common primary cancers Presents as urinary outflow obstruction