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Updated: Sep 2 2021

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Images
https://upload.medbullets.com/topic/116002/images/femalereproductiveanatomy.jpg
https://upload.medbullets.com/topic/116002/images/female repro cross section .jpg
https://upload.medbullets.com/topic/116002/images/uterus .jpg
  • Overview
    • Female reproductive anatomy: ligaments
      • broad ligament of uterus
        • connects uterus, Fallopian (uterine) tubes, and ovaries to lateral walls and floor of pelvis
        • mesosalpinx
          • a subdivision of broad ligament that suspends Fallopian (uterine) tubes
        • mesovarium
          • a subdivision of broad ligament that suspends ovaries
        • mesometrium
      • round ligament of uterus
        • connects fundus of uterus to labia majora
        • within broad ligament
        • enters deep ring, passes through inguinal canal, and exits superficial ring
        • a derivative of lower part of gubernaculum
      • cardinal ligament of uterus
        • aka transverse cervical (Mackenrodt's) ligament of uterus
        • connects cervix and lateral parts of fornix of vagina to lateral pelvic walls
        • contains uterine artery/vein
          • uterine artery via anterior division of internal iliac artery
      • sacrospinous ligament
        • connects ischial spine to sacrum, lies superior to the pudendal nerve (S2-4)
          • pudendal nerve block through sacrospinous ligament
      • ovarian ligament
        • connects ovary to uterus
      • suspensory ligament of ovary
        • connects ovary to lateral walls of pelvis
        • contains ovarian artery/vein, nerves, and lymphatics
          • ovarian artery via abdominal aorta
    • Female reproductive anatomy: pouches of pelvis
      • vesicouterine pouch
        • a peritoneal sac between bladder and uterus
      • rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
        • a peritoneal sac between uterus and rectum
        • lies behind posterior fornix of vagina
        • lowest portion of peritoneal cavity
          • culdocentesis is aspiration of fluid from rectouterine pouch by a needle puncture of posterior fornix of vagina
  • Blood Supply
    • Arterial supply
      • ovarian artery passes just over the ureter
      • "bridge over troubled waters"
    • Venous drainage
      • left ovarian vein → left renal vein → inferior vena cava (IVC)
      • right ovarian vein → inferior vena cava (IVC)
  • Lymphatic Drainage
    • Lymphatic drainage
      • lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes
        • ovary
        • fundus of uterus
      • superficial inguinal lymph nodes
        • vulva
        • superolateral uterus (via round ligament of uterus)
      • internal iliac (hypogastric) lymph nodes
        • upper vagina
        • middle vagina
        • body of uterus
        • cervix
      • external iliac (obturator) lymph nodes
        • upper vagina
        • body of uterus
        • cervix
      • sacral lymph nodes
        • lower vagina
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