Snapshot A 35-year-old man presents to the physicians office with concerns about his fertility. He has a history of cryptorchidism. Though he had been counseled on the possibilities of infertility, he had not given it much thought until he became engaged. He wishes to furtively evaluate his sperm before approaching the topic with his fiancée. Introduction Definition of infertility login to view 3 more bullets Terms related to sperm cells login to view 8 more bullets Epidemiology login to view 5 more bullets Types of Male Infertility Endocrine and Systemic Disorders Genetic Disorders of Spermatogenesis Acquired Disorders of Spermatogenesis Post-testicular Defects and Disorders of Sperm Transport Kallmann syndrome Hemochromatosis Pituitary disorders Post-irradiation Exogenous androgen use Obesity Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) Androgen insensitivity syndromes 5-alpha-reductase deficiency Myotonic dystrophy Infection causing orchitis (e.g.,mumps, tuberculosis, and leprosy) Epididymo-orchitis (often due to gonorrhea and chlamydia) Cryptorchidism Testicular torsion Varicocele Vas deferens abnormalities Cystic fibrosis Ejaculatory duct obstruction Retrograde ejaculation Presentation Symptoms login to view 6 more bullets Physical exam login to view 7 more bullets Evaluation Standard semen analysis login to view 5 more bullets Specialized semen analysis login to view 3 more bullets Endocrine tests login to view 1 more bullet Genetic testing if suspicious for cystic fibrosis or other genetic disorder Differential Diagnosis Female infertility Insufficient time to conceive Past vasectomy Treatment Limited treatment available Lifestyle modification login to view 3 more bullets Treat underlying condition if possible login to view 3 more bullets Assisted reproductive techniques login to view 4 more bullets Prognosis, Prevention, and Complications Prognosis login to view 7 more bullets Complications login to view 1 more bullet