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Updated: Nov 2 2018

Drug Excretion

Images
https://upload.medbullets.com/topic/107005/images/nephron1.jpg
  • Overview
    • Cell membranes
      • bilayer of amphipathic lipids with the hydrophobic chains pointing inwards and the hydrophilic heads pointing outwards
      • like dissolves like, thus charged (ionized) molecules will have a difficult time crossing this bilayer with uncharged (non-ionized) molecules crossing more easily
    • Urine pH
      • tends to be acidic but pH ranges from 4.6 - 8.0
  • Weak acids and bases
    • Weak acids
      • RCOOH (lipid soluble) ↔ RCOO- (trapped) + H+
      • in basic environments, weak acids become charged by deprotonation
        • will become trapped on side of the lipid bilayer that is basic
      • to treat overdose of weak acids, administer bicarbonate (weak base)
      • examples of drugs that are weak acids
        • phenobarbital
        • methotrexate
    • Weak bases
      • RNH3+ (trapped) ↔ RNH2 (lipid soluble) + H+
      • in acidic environments, weak bases become charged by protonation
        • will become trapped on the side of the lipid bilayer that is acidic
      • to treat overdose of weak bases, administer ammonium chloride (weak acid)
      • example of a drug that is a weak base
        • amphetamines/methamphetamines
        • TCAs
          • TCA overdose treated with sodium bicarbonate
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