Snapshot A 52 year-old man complains of increased hat size and headaches when he wakes up in the morning. Physical exam reveals mild diastolic hypertension, prominant jaw with spaces between the teeth, large hands and feet, and generalized muscle weakness. Introduction Benign pituitary adenoma that releases excess growth hormone GH stimulates release of insulin growth-like factor 1 Gigantism if the condition occurs before the fusion of the epiphysis Acromegaly if it occurs after skeletal epiphyseal closure Presentation Symptoms generalized enlargement of bone and soft tissue large hands and feet frontal bossing leads to increased hat size space between teeth jaw grows but teeth remain the same size macroglossia carpal tunnel syndrome size of median nerve increases due to edema Physical exam HTN due to the antinatriuretic action of GH Evaluation Photographic changes for acromegalic features examine an old photograph to reveal changes in facial bones Serology ↑ IGF-1 more sensitive test because the level is more constant than the pulsatile release of GH hyperglycemia due to gluconeogenic action of GH Suppression tests GH release not suppressed by glucose challenge MRI/CT shows enlargement of sella turcica on imaging Cardiomegaly on CXR hypertrophy of left ventricle Treatment Surgical transphenoidal surgery Medical octreotide (somatostatin analogue) supresses GH release dopamine analog second line for refractory tumors GH receptor antagonists pegvisomant Prognosis, Prevention, and Complications Cardiomegaly progressing to CHF is the most common cause of death
QUESTIONS 1 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M1.EC.17.4720) A 65-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor with progressively worsening headaches over the last few years. She has recently been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and started metformin a week ago. She has no other significant past medical history and has never smoked. Her husband also reports that her face has changed over the past few months. An earlier photograph of this patient and her current appearance are shown side by side in Figure A. Which of the following would most likely be the best test for diagnosing this patient? Tested Concept QID: 108512 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Facial radiograph 2% (2/120) 2 Pituitary MRI 27% (32/120) 3 Serum IGF-1 measurement 57% (68/120) 4 Serum GH measurement 13% (16/120) 5 Chest and Abdominal CT 0% (0/120) M 2 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review tested concept Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M1.EC.15.75) A 38-year-old man presents to the endocrinologist with complaints of increased shoe size and headaches in the morning. These symptoms have developed gradually over the past year but have become especially concerning because he can no longer wear his normal-sized boots. He denies any other symptoms, including visual changes. He was recently started on lisinopril by his primary care physician for high blood pressure. His vital signs are within normal limits and stable. On exam, the endocrinologist notes the findings shown in Figures A and B. These facial features are especially striking when contrasted with his drivers license from 10 years prior, when his jaw was much less prominent. The endocrinologist sends a screening blood test to work-up the likely diagnosis. Which of the following organs or glands produces the molecule being tested in this screening? Tested Concept QID: 106818 FIGURES: A B Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Anterior pituitary gland 49% (82/167) 2 Liver 47% (78/167) 3 Posterior pituitary gland 3% (5/167) 4 Pancreas 0% (0/167) 5 Kidney 1% (1/167) M 2 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review tested concept