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Updated: Sep 25 2017

Ischemic Colitis

Introduction
  • Ischemia of the colon secondary to atherosclerosis of SMA, systemic hypotension, or after aortic graft placement 
    • systemic hypotension can also cause ischemia of other GI organs including the liver 
  • Most commonly involves splenic flexure
    • is the "watershed" area of perfusion in the bowel between the IMA and SMA
    • rectosigmoid junction also a watershed
  • Elderly patients most commonly affected
    • result of systemic vascular disease/atherosclerosis
    • also seen following sacroiliac surgery
Presentation
  • Symptoms
    • weight loss
    • mild to moderate abdominal pain
      • in comparison to severe pain associated with acute mesenteric artery ischemia
      • can be localized to the LUQ
    • hematochezia
      • typically self limited that follows abdominal pain by 12-24 hours
Evaluation
  • Labs
    • can show extreme leukocytosis with left shift
  • Barium enema
    • shows "thumb printing" of affected colon
Prognosis, Prevention, and Complications
  • Stricture/obstruction in region infarcted bowel
Private Note

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