Ectoderm Surface ectoderm adenohypophysis lens of the eye sensory organs ear olfactory epithelium epithelial linings oral cavity lower anal canal external auditory meatus epidermis, hair, and nails mammary, sweat, and salivary glands Neuroectoderm - CNS and brain brain - all neurons within brain and spinal cord/CNS neurohypophysis oligodendrocytes astrocytes ependymal cells pineal gland retina Neural Crest - PNS and nearby non-neural structures ANS enteric nervous system ganglia (dorsal root, cranial, and autonomic) cranial nerves celiac ganglion melanocytes chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla enterochromaffin cells Schwann cells pia and arachnoid bones of the skull odontoblasts aorticopulmonary septum Endoderm Epithelium lining of respiratory: trachea, bronchi, and lungs urinary: urinary bladder, female urethra, and majority of male urethra GI tract biliary system lower 2/3 of vagina middle ear cavity and auditory tube Liver Parathyroid Thyroid follicular cells Thymus Pancreas Parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid Mesoderm Muscle (smooth, cardiac, and skeletal) Dermis and subcutaneous layers of skin Bone, cartilage, and connective tissue Dura mater Serous linings of body cavities peritoneum Spleen Cardiovascular structures Lymphatics Laryngeal cartilage Blood: RBCs, WBCs, Kupffer cells, and microglia Urogenital structures male:testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct female: ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, and upper 1/3 of vagina Kidneys Adrenal cortex Defects Types of errors malformation vs. deformation malformation is intrinsic embryological disruption during the embryonic period deformation is extrinsic disruption, occurs after embryonic period agenesis vs. hypoplasia vs. aplasia agenesis = organ is absent because of absent primordial tissue e.g., renal agenesis - failure of one or both kidneys to develop hypoplasia = organ develops incompletely with remnant primordial tissue e.g., microorchidism in Klinefelter syndrome aplasia = organ absent but primordial tissue present e.g., thymic aplasia in DiGeorge syndrome Craniopharyngioma benign Rathke's pouch tumor containing cholesterol crystals and calcifications, tends to compress the optic chiasm Mesodermal defects VACTERL Vertebral defects: usually small hypoplastic vertebrae or hemivertebrae, only half of the bone is formed Anal atresia/imperforate anus Cardiac defects: ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and Tetralogy of Fallot Tracheo-Esophageal fistula Renal defects: incomplete formation of one or both kidneys Limb defects: absent or displaced thumbs, polydactyly, and syndactyly
QUESTIONS 1 of 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M1.EB.15.28) A 75-year-old patient presents to the dermatologist with a 4 cm brown lesion on the right cheek (Figure A). The patient states that the lesion has been there for years but just recently began to change in appearance. She has noticed cracking and oozing from the lesion over the past few months. Which cell line most directly gives rise to the pathologic cell in this patient? QID: 101922 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Notochord 0% (0/257) 2 Endoderm 0% (1/257) 3 Neural crest cells 80% (205/257) 4 Mesoderm 2% (4/257) 5 Ectoderm 18% (45/257) M 1 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M1.EB.15.28) A 52-year-old woman sees you in her office with a complaint of new-onset headaches over the past few weeks. On exam, you find a 2 x 2 cm dark, irregularly shaped, pigmented lesion on her back. She is concerned because her father recently passed away from skin cancer. What tissue type most directly gives rise to the lesion this patient is experiencing? QID: 101046 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Ectoderm 17% (25/146) 2 Neuroectoderm 10% (15/146) 3 Mesoderm 3% (4/146) 4 Neural crest cells 65% (95/146) 5 Endoderm 2% (3/146) M 1 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M1.EB.14.63) Twenty-four hours after birth, a male newborn has not passed meconium. The newborn's abdomen is distended and he has had two episodes of bilious vomiting. Based on findings during physical exam of the patient (Figure A), for which other abnormalities should this patient also be evaluated? QID: 106457 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Vision defects 2% (5/207) 2 Hearing defects 5% (11/207) 3 Arteriovenous malformation 25% (52/207) 4 Urogenital tract anomalies 64% (132/207) 5 Bleeding disorder 1% (3/207) M 2 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK
All Videos (2) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Barlow and Ortolani Tests for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Greg Kurkis Embryology - Germ Layer Derivatives D 3/10/2015 96 views 5.0 (2) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Germ Layer Derivatives Chris Robinson Embryology - Germ Layer Derivatives D 2/22/2015 141 views 5.0 (3) Embryology | Germ Layer Derivatives Embryology - Germ Layer Derivatives Listen Now 15:34 min 4/2/2021 180 plays 4.0 (1)