Overview Developmental derivatives foregut (supplied by celiac trunk) → pharynx to duodenum midgut (supplied by the superior mesentric artery) → duodenum to transverse colon hindgut (supplied by the inferior mesentric artery)→ distal transverse colon to rectum GI embryologic timeline week 6 midgut herniates through umbilical ring week 10-11 rotates 270 degrees counterclockwise around SMA as it returns to the abdominal cavity abnormal rotation and fixation of the midgut during early fetal life may result in obstruction and volvulus (which may lead to intestinal ischemia) Pathology Anterior abdominal wall defects due to failure of rostral fold sternal defects result lateral fold omphalocele abdominal contents (stomach, liver, intestines, etc.) protrude through umbilical cord and persist outside of the body but covered by peritoneum associated with trisomy 13 and 18 gastoschisis failure of lateral body folds to fuse, resulting in extrusion of intestines through umbilical ring but not covered by peritoneum caudal fold bladder extrophy is the protrusion of the anterior bladder through the lower abdominal wall Duodenal atresia due to failure to recanalize lumen of intestines associated with trisomy 21 "double bubble" sign NOTE: atresia is occlusion of the lumen of the intestines and stenosis is narrowing of the lumen Jejunal, ileal, and colonic atresia due to vascular accident ("apple peel/corkscrew" atresia ) segment of bowel wrapped around a remnant of mesentary Congenital pyloric stenosis hypertrophy of muscalaris externa causing the pylorus lumen to narrow palpable "olive" mass in epigastric region food obstructs in pyloric region nonbilious and projectile vomiting at about 2 weeks of age treatment: surgery incidence: 1/600; mainly first born males Pancreas divisum- failed fusion of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds
QUESTIONS 1 of 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M1.EB.17.4707) A 1-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents for recent episodes of non-bilious projectile vomiting and refusal to eat. The boy had no problem with passing meconium or eating at birth; he only started having these episodes at 3 weeks old. Further history reveals that the patient is a first born male and that the boy’s mother was treated with erythromycin for an infection late in the third trimester. Physical exam reveals a palpable mass in the epigastrum. Which of the following mechanisms is likely responsible for this patient’s disorder? QID: 108429 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Defect of lumen recanalization 11% (32/301) 2 Hypertrophy of smooth muscle 68% (205/301) 3 Intestinal vascular accident 3% (9/301) 4 Neural crest cell migration failure 9% (28/301) 5 Pancreatic fusion abnormality 7% (21/301) M 1 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M1.EB.15.26) A 2-week-old boy has developed bilious vomiting. He was born via cesarean section at term. On physical exam, his pulse is 140/min, blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, and respirations are 40/min. His abdomen appears distended and appears diffusely tender to palpation. Abdominal imaging is obtained (Figures A). Which of the following describes the mechanism that caused this child's disorder? QID: 101048 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Ischemia-reperfusion injury in premature neonate 8% (9/107) 2 Telescoping segment of bowel 20% (21/107) 3 Abnormal rotation of the midgut 55% (59/107) 4 Hypertrophy of the pylorus 7% (7/107) 5 Partial absence of ganglion cells in large intestine 9% (10/107) M 1 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M1.EB.14.17) A 1-week-old male is brought by his mother to their pediatrician's office with complaints of a 3 day history of feeding intolerance and frequent bilious vomiting. An upper GI contrast radiograph is obtained (Figure A) and shows obstruction of the 3rd part of the duodenum with displacement of the duodenojejunal junction to the right of midline. Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for this infant's condition? QID: 101911 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Failure to recanalize the lumen of the duodenum 26% (29/112) 2 Hypertrophy of the muscularis externa at the pylorus 9% (10/112) 3 Failed fusion of lateral body folds 4% (4/112) 4 Intestinal malrotation 46% (51/112) 5 Failed fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds 13% (15/112) M 1 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK
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