Introduction Defined as expectoration for > 3 months for > 2 consecutive years Pathophysiology login to view 4 more bullets Causes login to view 5 more bullets Presentation Symptoms login to view 2 more bullets Physical exam login to view 7 more bullets Evaluation Labs login to view 4 more bullets Chest radiograph login to view 2 more bullets Clinical diagnosis confirmed by lung biopsy (rarely indicated) login to view 5 more bullets Pulmonary function tests login to view 4 more bullets Treatment Conservative login to view 2 more bullets Pharmacological login to view 6 more bullets Complications Pulmonary hypertension login to view 4 more bullets