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Updated: May 1 2020

Response to Exercise

  • Overview
    • ↑ O2 demand → ↑ respiratory rate and ↑ tidal volume → ↑ minute ventilation
    • ↑ O2 consumption and ↑ CO2 production
    • Arterial blood
      • no change in PaO2 and PaCO2
        • ↑ minute ventilation and ↑ efficiency of gas exchange ensure that there is neither a decrease in PaO2 nor an increase in PaCO2
      • ↓ pH during strenuous exercise
        • secondary to lactic acidosis
    • Venous blood
      • ↑ PvCO2
        • skeletal muscle adds more CO2 than usual to venous blood
      • no change in PaCO2
        • sufficient ↑ minute ventilation to remove excess CO2
    • Pulmonary blood flow
      • ↑ cardiac output → ↑ pulmonary blood flow → ↓ pulmonary resistance
        • pulmonary blood flow becomes more evenly distributed throughout lungs
        • V/Q ratio from lung apex to lung base becomes more uniform
          • ↓ physiologic dead space
    • Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
      • ↑ tissue PCO2, ↓ tissue pH, and ↑ temperature → shifts to right
        • ↓ hemoglobin affinity for O2 → ↑ O2 unloading in exercising skeletal muscle
    • Chronic changes include
      • ↑ cardiac chamber size and ↑ wall thickness due to hypertrophy
      • ↑ ejection fraction and ↑ cardiac output due to greater efficiency
      • ↑ maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) during exertion
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