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Updated: Sep 26 2017

Dead Spaces and Ventilation Rates

  • Dead Spaces
    • Anatomic Dead Space
      • volume of conducting airways that does not participate in gas exchange
    • Physiologic Dead Space (VD)

      • volume of airway and lungs that does not participate in gas exchange
        • anatomic dead space of conducting airways
        • functional dead space in alveoli
          • "ventilated alveoli that do not participate in gas exchange"
            • e.g., ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch
          • apex of lung is largest contributor of functional dead space
      • in normal lungs, physiologic dead space ≈ anatomic dead space
        • VD= physiologic dead space (mL)
        • TV = tidal volume (mL)
        • PaCO2 = PCO2 of arterial blood (mm Hg)
        • PECO2 = PCO2 of mixed expired air (mm Hg)
  • Ventilation Rates
    • Minute Ventilation
      • minute ventilation = TV x RR
        • TV = tidal volume (mL)
        • RR = respiratory rate (breaths/min)
    • Alveolar Ventilation
      • minute ventilation corrected for physiologic dead space
      • VA = (TV - VD) x RR
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