Overview Snapshot A 63-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with increased pedal edema and worsening orthopnea. He reports that he has been taking his lisinopril as prescribed and adhering to a low-salt diet. Physical exam shows 2+ pitting edema in the knees bilaterally and faint crackles on auscultation of the lungs. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is measured by echocardiogram and found to be 33%. This is decreased from his last measurement of 38%. He is put on an additional medication. (Congestive heart failure exacerbations) Spironolactone and Eplerenone Mechanism login to view 2 more bullets Clinical use login to view 8 more bullets Toxicity login to view 5 more bullets Triamterene and Amiloride Mechanism login to view 4 more bullets Clinical use login to view 4 more bullets Toxicity login to view 2 more bullets