Snapshot A 56-year-old man presents to his primary care physician due to shortness of breath and fatigue. He reports that these symptoms have progressively worsened over the course of a few weeks. Medical history is significant for type II diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with his last eGFR reading at 82 mL/min/1.73 m2. He has yet to need dialysis. Laboratory testing is significant for a hemaglobin of 9.5 g/dL and an eGFR of 55 mL/min/1.73 m2. After further evaluation of non-renal causes of anemia it was determined that erythropoietin should be added to his treatment regimen to improve his symptoms. Introduction Immunosuppressants Medication Mechanism of Action Clinical Use Aldesleukin IL-2 product which leads to T-, B-cell, and NK cells proliferation differentiation recruitment Metastatic renal cell carcinoma Metastatic melanoma Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) Stimulates erythroid progenitor cells to divide and differentiate Anemia Sargramostim Granulocyte colony stimulating factors to result in neutrophil proliferation differentiation activation To recover white count and bone marrow IFN-α Multiple effects Chronic hepatitis B and C Malignant melanoma Condyloma acuminatum Hairy cell leukemia Kaposi sarcoma IFN-β Multiple effects Multiple sclerosis IFN-γ Multiple effects Chronic granulomatous disease Romiplostim (thrombopoietin) A thrombopoietin (TPO) analog that acts on the TPO receptor to ↑ platelet count Thrombocytopenia Eltrombopag A TPO agonist that leads to ↑ platelet count Thrombocytopenia Oprelvekin (IL-11) A thrombopoietic growth factor that results in ↑ platelet count Thrombocytopenia