Introduction Systemic reviews synthesize previous studies to produce more precise and generalizable data login to view 1 more bullet Meta-analysis is the statistical procedure for combining numerical results from synthesized studies Systemic Review Systematic and procedural method of collecting, evaluating, and synthesizing qualitative or quantitative literature to answer a question login to view 1 more bullet May or may not include meta-analysis Meta-Analysis Statistical method to combine data from multiple studies login to view 1 more bullet Advantages login to view 3 more bullets Limitations login to view 19 more bullets Funnel Plot Evaluates for the presence of publication bias Used in systemic reviews and meta-analyses Plots precision versus results measure (e.g. odds ratio, mean, and relative risk) of included studies Should take on a funnel (triangle) shape login to view 2 more bullets Deviation from funnel shape indicates publication bias Forest Plot Used in systemic reviews and meta-analyses to visually display results from individual studies Vertical "line of null effect" at point on horizontal axis representing no association between exposure and outcome Positive and negative results measures (e.g., odds ratio, mean, and relative risk) of included studies plotted as boxes or shapes on either side of the line login to view 3 more bullets Combined point estimate (vertical line) and confidence intervals represented by a diamond