Snapshot A 34-year-old man presents with a rash. He states he recently started feeling fatigued and a purple rash appeared a few weeks ago. On physical exam, there are dozens of purple papules and nodules on the skin and on the oral mucosa. A biopsy reveals lymphocytic infiltration. Additional viral testing is sent for further workup. (Kaposi sarcoma) Introduction Benign or malignant vascular proliferation most commonly, these neoplasms manifest cutaneously Benign Vascular Neoplasms Strawberry hemangioma clinical definition benign capillary hemangioma of infancy also known as infantile hemangioma regresses spontaneously within a few years treatment is typically not necessarily Cherry angioma clinical definition benign capillary hemangioma of adulthood more frequent in elderly patients does not regress spontaneously treatment is typically not necessarily Cavernous hemangioma clinical definition benign tumor of liver and spleen risk of rupture with increasing size associated conditions von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome treatment is typically not necessarily Pyogenic granuloma clinical definition polypoid lobulated capillary hemangioma of the skin and mucosa easily ulcerates and bleeds often occurs on the gingiva associated conditions trauma pregnancy treatment the lesion can be surgically removed if it causes excessive discomfort Malignant Vascular Neoplasms Kaposi sarcoma clinical definition endothelial malignancy that most commonly affects the skin, characterized by purple papules and nodules can also affect the mouth, gut, and lungs characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate associated conditions human herpesvirus-8 infection human immunodeficiency virus infection treatment antiretroviral therapy if refractory adriamycin vinblastine Angiosarcoma clinical definition malignant vascular neoplasm affecting the head, neck, chest, and liver more common in sun-exposed areas in the elderly population very aggressive malignancy associated conditions radiation therapy hepatic angiosarcoma is specifically associated with a "VAT of chemicals" Vinyl chloride Arsenic Thorotrast lymphangiosarcoma is associated with chronic post-mastectomy lymphedema treatment surgical excision Other Neoplasms Glomus tumor clinical definition painful benign red-blue tumor of the glomus body glomus body is a thermoregulatory agent, which can shunt blood towards or away from the skin surface found under the fingernails treatment surgical excision Cystic hygroma clinical definition cavernous lymphangioma of the neck “webbed neck” associated conditions Turner syndrome Bacillary angiomatosis clinical definition benign capillary skin lesions caused by Bartonella henselae infections characterized by neutrophilic infiltrate associated conditions acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) cat-scratch disease treatment antibiotic therapy