Arteriosclerosis - Cardiovascular

Snapshot
- A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency department (ED) after being found unresponsive in his home. Advanced cardiovascular life support was instituted, failed, and the patient was pronounced dead. The family arrived at the ED and reported that the patient had a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Forensic studies in the coronary vessels demonstrated that a myocardial infarction with subsequent fatal arrhythmia was determined to be the cause of death. His coronary vessels demonstrated atherosclerosis.

                        Introduction
                    
                        Definition
                    
                        arterial hardening that results from arterial wall thickening and a loss of vessel elasticity
                    
                        General Patterns of Arteriosclerosis
Types
Findings
ArteriolosclerosisSclerosis of the small arteries and the arterioles
There are two variantshyalinepink hyaline thickening of the arteries with narrowing of the vessel lumen
hyperplasticonion skinthickening with narrowing of the vessel lumen
May result in distal ischemic injury
Monkeberg medial sclerosisCalcifications of muscular arteriesthe internal elastic lamina andmediaof arteries are involved
These calcifications do not encroach in the vessel lumen
These are clinicallybenign
AtherosclerosisSecondary to a build ofcholesterol plaques affecting elastic arteries and large and medium-sized muscular arteries

General Patterns of Arteriosclerosis
Types	Findings
Arteriolosclerosis	Sclerosis of the small arteries and the arterioles There are two variants hyaline pink hyaline thickening of the arteries with narrowing of the vessel lumen hyperplastic onion skinthickening with narrowing of the vessel lumen May result in distal ischemic injury
Monkeberg medial sclerosis	Calcifications of muscular arteries the internal elastic lamina andmediaof arteries are involved These calcifications do not encroach in the vessel lumen These are clinicallybenign
Atherosclerosis	Secondary to a build ofcholesterol plaques affecting elastic arteries and large and medium-sized muscular arteries

Action	Numeric Key	Letter Key	Function Key
Show Bullets		S	Enter (frontside only)
20%	1	N
40%	2	H
60%	3	F	Enter (backside only)
80%	4	E
100%	5	M
Toss	0	T