Snapshot A 45-year-old African American man presents to his primary care physician for an annual wellness exam. He reports to feeling well and has no acute concerns. Medical history is unremarkable. He occasionally drinks a glass of wine every few days and does not smoke cigarettes. He exercises regularly and tries to maintain a healthy diet by incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Physical examination is significant for a blood pressure of 155/105 mmHg. In his next two consecutive office visits, his blood pressures are 150/100 mmHg and 146/96 mmHg. He is started on hydrochlorothiazide. Introduction Clinical definition login to view 4 more bullets Epidemiology login to view 9 more bullets Etiology login to view 8 more bullets Pathogenesis login to view 21 more bullets Prognosis login to view 1 more bullet Presentation Symptoms login to view 2 more bullets Studies Blood pressure measurements login to view 1 more bullet Pathophysiological changes login to view 3 more bullets Treatment Managment approach login to view 2 more bullets Conservative login to view 9 more bullets Medical login to view 7 more bullets Complications Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemic attacks Left ventricular hypertrophy Heart failure Chronic kidney disease Visual disturbances (e.g., retinal hemorrhages and exudates) Peripheral vascular disease Aortic dissection Aortic aneurysm