Snapshot A 60-year-old man presents to his cardiologist for a follow-up of newly diagnosed diastolic heart failure. He has a history of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. He reports that his pulmonologist does not want him to take β-blockers. However, his cardiologist wants to start him on a medication to slow the heart rate. He reassures the patient that this drug acts not on β-receptors but on a Ca2+ channel. (Verapamil) Introduction Ions responsible for the action potential of atria, ventricles, and Purkinje fibers are the same upstroke inward Na+ current plateau slow inward Ca2+ current via L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels a sustained period of depolarization allows for ventricular filling Ventricular Action Potential Resting membrane potential -85 mV resting membrane potential is maintained by inward rectifier K+ channels inward rectifier K+ channels open at rest and close with depolarization Phase 0, upstroke rapid depolarization caused by the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels and inward Na+ current Na+ current depolarizes cell membrane, which closes inward rectifier K+ channels Phase 1, initial repolarization brief repolarization and net outward current inactivation gates on Na+ channels close Na+ current is decreased outward K+ current down an electrochemical gradient Phase 2, plateau stable, long period of depolarized membrane potential inward and outward current are equal, with no net current flow inward Ca2+ current (slow inward current) opened L-type Ca2+ channels blocked by Ca2+ channel blockers entry of Ca2+ also triggers the release of more Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cell (Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release) outward K+ current driven by electrochemical driving force Phase 3, repolarization net outward current L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close a decrease in inward Ca2+ current delayed rectifier K+ channels open completely and repolarize the membrane increase in outward K+ current inward rectifier K+ channels re-open Phase 4, resting membrane potential inward and outward currents are equal delayed rectifier K+ channels close inward rectifier K+ channels are fully open, resetting resting membrane potential at -85 mV
QUESTIONS 1 of 2 1 2 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M1.CV.13.119) A 48-year-old female comes into the ER with chest pain. An electrocardiogram (EKG) shows a heart beat of this individual in Image A. The QR segment best correlates with what part of the action potential of the ventricular myocyte shown in Image B? QID: 100635 FIGURES: A B Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Phase 0, which is primarily characterized by sodium influx 67% (29/43) 2 Phase 0, which is primarily characterized by potassium efflux 0% (0/43) 3 Phase 1, which is primarily characterized by potassium and chloride efflux 2% (1/43) 4 Phase 1, which is primarily characterized by calcium efflux 14% (6/43) 5 Phase 3, which is primarily characterized by potassium efflux 12% (5/43) M 1 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 1 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic
All Videos (1) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Atria and Ventricular Contraction Cardiovascular - Myocardial Action Potential D 2/15/2015 119 views 5.0 (4)