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0.15
0%
0/0
0.33
0.4
2.5
6.7
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The number needed to treat (NNT) is defined as NNT = 1 / absolute risk reduction = 1 / ((trial successes / trial total) - (control successes / control total)) = (1 / ((90/100) - (75/100)) = 6.7. The NNT is a concept that expresses how many patients would need to be treated with a medication or procedure in order for 1 additional patient to benefit. This concept compares the novel treatment against the current standard of care and allows for cost analysis. This is because the cost of each treatment can be multiplied by the NNT in order to determine the total cost for a single patient to benefit. The NNT is defined as 1 / absolute risk reduction, where the absolute risk reduction is the percentage risk that is decreased by use of the new medication or treatment. Using study results, the mathematical calculation is 1 / ((trial successes / trial total) - (control successes / control total)). Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: 0.15 is the absolute risk reduction, which is calculated as (trial successes / trial total) - (control successes / control total) = (90/100) - (75/100) = 0.15. The absolute risk reduction is the inverse of the number needed to treat and represents the percent decrease in the risk of treatment failure for each individual patient when using the trial treatment compared to the control treatment. Answer 2: 0.33 is the odds ratio for treatment failure, which is calculated as (trial failures / trial successes) / (control failures / control successes) = (10/90) / (25/75) = 0.33. The odds ratio represents the odds that the control treatment will succeed compared with the trial treatment indicating that the trial treatment is protective. Answer 3: 0.4 is the relative risk of treatment failure, which is calculated as (trial failures / trial total) / (control failures / control total) = (10/100) / (25/100) = 0.4. The relative risk represents the likelihood that the trial treatment will fail relative to the likelihood that the control treatment will fail. Answer 4: 2.5 is the inverse of the relative risk and can be calculated as (control failures / control total) / (trial failures / trial total) = (25/100) / (10/100) = 2.5. The inverse of the relative risk represents the likelihood that the control treatment will fail relative to the likelihood that the trial treatment will fail. Bullet Summary: The number needed to treat is a statistical concept that expresses how many patients would need to be treated with a medication or procedure in order for 1 additional patient to benefit.
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