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Ciliated columnar cells
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Club cells
Goblet cells
Type 1 pneumocytes
Type 2 pneumocytes
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This patient who inhaled particles most likely has microscopic debris in the mucus lining of his upper airway. Ciliated columnar cells are responsible for sweeping mucus from the airway to the mouth in order to remove particulates and prevent them from reaching the lower airways. The lining of the upper airway consists of several different cell types that function together to promote the clearance of debris from the airway. The lining of the bronchi is primarily composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells that extend down to the bronchioles. Coordinated movement of the cilia of each of these cells leads to the sweeping of mucus secretions out of the lungs and towards the mouth where they can be swallowed. Chronic smoking can cause these cells to undergo metaplasia into stratified squamous epithelia that are less able to perform this function, resulting in impaired airway clearance. Goblet cells extend to the larger bronchioles but stop before the terminal bronchioles and secrete new mucus. Finally, macrophages phagocytose remaining debris that progress further down the airway. Yu et al. studied the effects of eucalyptol on the clearance of debris from the lungs. They found that this compound could decrease damage to ciliated columnar epithelial cells and thereby guard against bacterial invasion. Incorrect Answers: Answer 2: Club cells are nonciliated columnar cells that secrete components of surfactant, degrade toxins, and act as reserve cells in case of lung damage. They lack cilia and therefore are unable to move mucus to clear debris. Answer 3: Goblet cells are present in the upper airway and secrete new mucus to replace the mucus that is moved by the ciliated columnar cells. Answer 4: Type 1 pneumocytes are alveolar cells that are thin for optimal gas diffusion and form the blood-gas barrier with pulmonary capillary endothelial cells. Answer 5: Type 2 pneumocytes are cuboidal cells in the alveoli that secrete pulmonary surfactant within lamellar bodies consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. This secretion of surfactant lowers the alveolar surface tension, preventing collapse. Bullet Summary: Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are responsible for removing inhaled particulates by moving mucus away from the lungs.
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