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Analysis of variance
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Chi-squared test
Logistic regression
Pearson correlation coefficient
Student T-test
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This study that seeks to compare the mean drop in hemoglobin among 4 different groups should be analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Comparing the means of a variable between different groups is a common method of analyzing clinical data. The considerations that need to be taken into account before choosing an analytical method are whether the variable is continuous, the number of groups that are being studied, and whether the effect is 1-sided or 2-sided. Continuous variables are where the item being studied can be represented as a number with all values possible. In these cases, if only 2 groups are being compared, a t-test is the appropriate analytical method whereas an ANOVA should be used for 3 or more groups. Finally, setting the test to be 1- or 2-sided should be determined by whether a change would be expected in only 1 direction (either lower or higher) or whether both are possible. Incorrect Answers: Answer 2: A Chi-squared test is used to analyze the relationship between categorical variables. In this case, the mean drop in hemoglobin is a continuous variable, so this test is not appropriate. Answer 3: Logistic regression is performed when trying to understand how factors influence the outcome of a categorical endpoint. For example, it could be used to determine which risk factors contribute to the development of infection in patients. This is not an appropriate test for analyzing the change in a continuous variable. Answer 4: Pearson correlation coefficient is used to determine the strength and direction of association between 2 continuous variables. An example would be how BMI may correlate with resting heart rate. In this case, a single continuous variable is being compared among several groups rather than against a second continuous variable. Answer 5: A student T-test should be performed to compare the means of continuous variables between 2 groups. Since this study has 4 groups for comparison, an ANOVA should be used instead. Bullet Summary: Analysis of variance studies compare the means of continuous variables among 3 or more groups.
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