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Actin
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Dynein
Kinesin
Myosin
Tubulin
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This protein that hydrolyzes ATP in order to mediate anterograde trafficking of Herpes zoster virus from the dorsal root ganglion to the subcutaneous nerve terminal is most likely a motor protein of the kinesin class. Kinesin proteins function as motors that traffic along microtubules from the negative end towards the positive end of the tubule. These motor proteins are able to exert power through the hydrolysis of ATP, which leads to a conformational shift in the structure of the motor protein. Since the positive end of microtubules is at the periphery of the cell, kinesin proteins move objects from the interior of the cell towards the cell surface. In neurons, kinesin proteins are adapted to mediate anterograde trafficking from the cell body toward the tip of the axon. This process is involved in physiologic trafficking of synaptic vesicles as well as pathologic trafficking of Herpes zoster virus to cause shingles. DuRaine et al. investigated which kinesin proteins are responsible for the trafficking of Herpes family viruses. They found that type 1 kinesins (KIF5A, 5B, and 5C) are primarily responsible for this action. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Actin proteins form microfilaments that are responsible for forming the short-range structure of the cytoskeleton. Since these filaments tend to be relatively short, long-range directional movement of proteins uses microtubules instead. Answer 2: Dynein proteins mediate negative-end directed or retrograde trafficking of proteins in neurons. This protein is responsible for recycling proteins from the axon towards the cell body. It may also be involved in moving viral particles from the periphery to the dorsal root ganglion during the initial infection phase. Reactivation of zoster involves the opposite process, which is the antegrade trafficking of viral particles from the dorsal root ganglion to the peripheral subcutaneous nerve endings. Answer 4: Myosin proteins mediate both barbed and pointed end-directed movement along actin microfilaments. These proteins are responsible for the local transport of substances but do not engage in long-range directional transport. They are also involved in muscle contraction in sarcomeres. Answer 5: Tubulin proteins form the microtubule tracks along which long-range directional transport occurs. Unlike motor proteins, tubulin uses guanosine triphosphate to generate stability. Bullet Summary: Kinesin motor proteins hydrolyze ATP to mediate anterograde trafficking along microtubule tracks.
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