Review Question - QID 215200

A 45-year-old woman presents to clinic for frequent urination. She has been waking up multiple times a night to urinate. She denies urgency, dysuria, or hematuria. She has a history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and diabetes. Her medications include lisinopril, metoprolol, spironolactone, and metformin. She is a non-smoker and does not drink alcohol. The patient’s temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 134/82 mmHg, pulse is 82/min, and respirations are 16/min. There is no suprapubic pain or costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine dipstick shows 3+ glucose and serum studies demonstrate a glycated hemoglobin of 9.2%. The decision is made to start her on a medication that is known to carry an increased risk of urinary tract infections. What is the mechanism of action of the most likely medication she was started on?