Review Question - QID 215179

A 70-year-old man presents to the emergency department with worsening shortness of breath. He used to walk 2-3 miles every morning but over the past few months, his exercise tolerance has diminished. Now, he cannot take more than 10 steps without sitting to catch his breath. He has a history of diabetes, hypertension, and triple coronary bypass surgery. He has a 50 pack-year smoking history and drinks 6-7 beers per week. He has no recent travel history. The patient’s temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 154/92 mmHg, pulse is 78/min, and respirations are 16/min. Physical exam is notable for 2+ pitting edema bilaterally, jugular venous pulsations 6 cm above the sternal notch, and an S3 murmur. An echocardiogram shows a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40%. What are the expected changes in total peripheral resistance, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) in this patient (Figure A)?