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Diacylglycerol
4%
9/229
Cyclic GMP
14%
31/229
Cyclic AMP
74%
170/229
Protein kinase C
3%
8/229
ATP
2%
5/229
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The patient in the question is likely having an asthma attack, for which he is given albuterol. Albuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist and leads to an increase in cyclic AMP. Molecular signaling is often conducted through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Gs subtype’s alpha receptor activates the conversion of ATP to cAMP which leads to increased levels of protein kinase A. There are a number of receptors that use this GPCR subtype, including the beta-adrenergic receptors, dopamine 1 receptor, histamine 2 receptor, and the vasopressin 2 receptor. Albuterol is a beta-2 receptor agonist and would therefore lead to an increase in cyclic AMP levels. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Diacylglycerol would increase with the Gq subtype, which is activated by histamine 1, alpha 1, vasopressin 1, muscarinic 1, and muscarinic 3 receptors. Answer 2: Cyclic GMP is increase by nitric oxide and nitrates. Answer 4: Protein kinase C levels increase with the Gq subtype. Albuterol increases levels of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A. Answer 5: ATP levels would decrease as ATP is converted to cyclic AMP. Bullet Summary: The Gs subtype of GPCRs activates adenylyl cyclase which increases cyclic AMP and ultimately protein kinase A activity.
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