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Review Question - QID 109063

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QID 109063 (Type "109063" in App Search)
A 28-year-old woman with a history of migraines presents to your office due to sudden loss of vision in her left eye and difficulty speaking. Two weeks ago she experienced muscle aches, fever, and cough. Her muscle aches are improving but she continues to have a cough. She also feels as though she has been more tired than usual. She had a similar episode of vision loss 2 years ago and had an MRI at that time. She has a family history of migraines and takes propranolol daily. On swinging light test there is decreased constriction of the left pupil relative to the right pupil. You repeat the MRI and note enhancing lesions in the left optic nerve. Which of the following is used to prevent progression of this condition?

Dexamethasone

26%

30/116

Methotrexate

20%

23/116

Natalizumab

14%

16/116

Infliximab

16%

18/116

Adalimumab

1%

1/116

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This young female presenting with sudden loss of vision, difficulty speaking, and a history of a similar episode 2 years ago is most concerning for multiple sclerosis (MS). Natalizumab prevents progression of symptoms and is used in long-term management.

MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Charcot’s neurologic triad includes scanning speech, intention tremor (internuclear ophthalmoplegia and incontinence), and nystagmus. (Remember MS is a SIN). Swinging light test indicates an afferent pupillary defect on the left, consistent with damage to the optic nerve. This diagnosis is confirmed by MRI, which is the gold standard for diagnosis and commonly shows enhancing lesions and periventricular plaques, also known as Dawson’s fingers. Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets alpha-4 integrin. It is used to slow progression of MS. There is an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and all patients should be tested for JC virus prior to initiation.

Illustration A demonstrates the periventricular lesions that are commonly seen in patients with multiple sclerosis. These lesions may be described as Dawson's fingers.

Incorrect Answers:
Answer 1: Dexamethasone will speed recovery of ocular symptoms but does not change the overall progression of the disease.

Answer 2: Methotrexate is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor thus inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis. It is often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and in certain malignancies. It would not be used to treat acute flares in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Answer 4: Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets TNF-alpha. It is used to treat a number of autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

Answer 5: Adalimumab is a TNF-alpha inhibitor commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and other autoimmune diseases. It is not used in the treatment of MS

Bullet Summary:
Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that is used to slow progression of MS.

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