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Figure A
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Figure B
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Figure C
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Figure E
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The tracheobronchial tree, nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and larynx contain pseudostratified columnar epithelium, as demonstrated in Figure E. The respiratory tract in humans is covered by 2 main types of epithelium: stratified squamous epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the oropharynx, laryngopharynx, anterior epiglottis, upper half of posterior epiglottis, and vocal folds. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found in the nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx, and tracheobronchial tree. Wang et al. describe how the nose and paranasal sinuses are covered with pseudostratified columnar epithelium which serves several important physiological functions such as conditioning and filtration of the inspired air and the provision of end organ for the sense of smell. They discuss the development of novel therapeutic strategies designed to improve the physiological and immune defense functions of the nasal epithelium. Rosso et al. examined the histopathologic findings and potential impact of using a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) on the tracheal epithelium in long-term tracheostomy patients. They find that although the HME cannot completely restore the physiological functions of the upper respiratory tract, it delivers a better quality of air to the lower airways and has a positive effect on tracheal mucosa. Figures are explained in the incorrect answers below. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Figure A demonstrates simple cuboidal epithelium. This is found on the surface of ovaries, the lining of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, and parts of the eye and thyroid. Answer 2: Figure B demonstrates simple columnar epithelium. Simple columnar epithelium lines most organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Answer 3: Figure C demonstrates simple cuboidal epithelium. This is found on the surface of ovaries, the lining of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, and parts of the eye and thyroid. Answer 4: Figure D demonstrates stratified squamous epithelium which is found in oropharynx, laryngopharynx, anterior epiglottis, upper half of posterior epiglottis, and vocal folds
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