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Review Question - QID 104480

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QID 104480 (Type "104480" in App Search)
Researchers are studying a farming community with a high incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A retrospective cohort study is performed looking at the relationship between exposure to a certain pesticide chemical and the risk of developing AML. In the study group, 84 patients who were exposed to the pesticide, 17 developed AML. In the control group of 116 patients who were not exposed to the pesticide, 2 developed AML. What is the relative risk of developing AML upon exposure to the pesticide in this study group?

Prevalence of cases (84/200) divided by prevalence of controls (116/200)

0%

0/2

Odds of exposure in the cases (17/67) divided by odds of exposure in the controls (2/114)

0%

0/2

Number of exposed with AML (17) divided by the total number of AML cases (84)

0%

0/2

Probability of AML among exposed (17/19) divided by probability of AML among unexposed (67/181)

50%

1/2

Total number of cases (84) divided by the total number of study participants (200)

0%

0/2

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Relative risk is calculated by the probability of getting disease in the exposed group divided by the probability of getting disease in the unexposed group.

Risk and probability are interchangeable terms in statistical analysis. In a study setting, the incidence of developing an outcome in a group over the specified study period is also interchangeable with risk and probability. In our example, the risk of developing AML in the group exposed to the pesticide is 17/19. Likewise, the risk of developing AML in the unexposed group is 67/181. The relative risk is a ratio of the risk of AML in the exposed group to the risk of AML in the unexposed group [(17/19)/(67/181) = 2.42].

Incorrect Answers:
Answers 1,3,5: These calculations are inconsequential in analyzing the data for risk.
Answer 2: This is the calculation for the odds ratio.

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