Review Question - QID 102599

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Observational Studies Cohort Study Can be either prospective or retrospective QID: 102599 (M1.ST.15.20)

QID 102599 (Type "102599" in App Search)

A recent study attempted to analyze whether increased "patient satisfaction" driven healthcare resulted in increased hospitalization. In this hospital, several of the wards adopted new aspects of "patient satisfaction" driven healthcare, whereas the remainder of the hospital continued to use existing protocols. Baseline population characteristics and demographics were collected at the start of the study. At the end of the following year, hospital use was assessed and compared between the two groups. Which of the following best describes this type of study?

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Retrospective cohort

14%

31/228

Prospective cohort

44%

100/228

Retrospective case-control

11%

26/228

Prospective case-control

15%

34/228

Cross-sectional study

10%

22/228

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A prospective cohort study identifies a group of people who are exposed and unexposed to some exposure and then follows them in time to see who develops a disease of interest.

Observational studies (of which cohort studies are a subtype) can be either prospective or retrospective. Cohort studies compare a group with a given risk factor to a group without the risk factor to see if there is an increased likelihood of developing disease. An example of a cohort study is whether patients who drink alcohol are more likely to get cirrhosis. The computed result of a cohort study is a relative risk value.

Illustration A presents the study design of cohort studies, both prospective and retrospective.

Incorrect Answers:
Answers 1: A retrospective cohort study first groups patients by risk factors and then subsequently looks at their outcomes. Because this study is going forward, it is not retrospective, and data is collected in a prospective manner.
Answers 3,4: A case-control study compares the odds of being exposed between patients with disease and patients without the disease. This is not the case in this study either retrospectively or prospectively.
Answer 5: A cross-sectional study assesses disease status and exposure/risk factors at the same point in time. It may show association but not causality.

ILLUSTRATIONS:

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