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Obstruction of the renal calyx
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Failure of the uretopelvic junction to recanalize
Obstruction of ureters
Fusion of the inferior poles of both kidneys
Renal agenesis
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The most common cause of unilateral renal obstruction leading to hydronephrosis is failure of the uretopelvic junction with the kidney to recanalize. Response 4 describes a horseshoe kidney, but kidneys function normally without obstruction. Renal agenesis leads to Potter syndrome (oligohydramnios, limb malformation, pulmonary hypoplasia, and characteristic facies).
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