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TH1 cells
72%
317/443
Toxin secretion by the bacterium
8%
37/443
B-cells
2%
7/443
NK cells
10%
43/443
Apoptosis
7%
30/443
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The immune response against M. tuberculosis primarily is marked by granuloma formation and is mediated by TH1 cells. Granulomas eventually contain caseous necrosis at their center and can cavitate. The formation of a granuloma helps to wall-off and contain the M. tuberculosis infection, preventing it from spreading. The mycobacteria at the center of the granuloma can remain latent for decades and reactivation of the infection can lead to secondary tuberculosis. The constant battle between the bacteria and the immune response leads to progressive tissue damage manifested by caseating necrosis and cavities. Illustration A shows a cavitation in the lung apex of a patient with tuberculosis. Incorrect Answers: Answer 2: Secretion of alpha-toxin is more consistent with a S. aureus infection. Answer 3, 4, and 5: TH1 cells are responsible for the immune response against M. tuberculosis. It is believed that NK cells can recognize M. tuberculosis, however their role in fighting the infection is minor.
4.6
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