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Diarrhea
9%
22/233
Shortening of action potential length at the AV node
17%
39/233
Tachycardia
7%
16/233
Hypotension
53%
123/233
Torsades de pointes
12%
28/233
Select Answer to see Preferred Response
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmia. When used with beta-blockers such as metoprolol, dangerous hypotension and bradycardia can result due to the additive negative chronotropic effects of the two drugs. Verapamil alleviates angina by decreasing vascular smooth muscle contractility (via inhibition of L-type calcium channels), thereby lowering afterload and lowering myocardial oxygen demand. Verapamil also inhibits L-type calcium channels at the AV node, decreasing conduction velocity and providing effective treatment for arrhythmias. Side effects of verapamil include constipation, flushing, and edema. Illustration A demonstrates the molecular mechanism of calcium in muscle contraction. Incorrect answers: Answer 1: Verapamil causes constipation, not diarrhea. Answer 2: Verapamil does not affect AP duration, as AP length is K+ dependent, not Ca2+ dependent. Answer 3: Verapamil causes bradycardia, not tachycardia. Answer 5: Verapamil can be used to treat or perhaps prevent Torsades de pointes in those at risk, it has not been implicated in causing it.
4.3
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