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Mitral valve insufficiency
5%
26/504
Aortic regurgitation
72%
362/504
Mitral stenosis
12%
59/504
Aortic stenosis
8%
38/504
Atrial myxoma
2%
9/504
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Aortic regurgitation is associated with a diastolic murmur heard at the left sternal border, with increasing volume at end expiration. Aortic regurgitation can present as either an acute or chronic process. Patients with chronic aortic regurgitation can adapt physiologically through enlargement of the left ventricle in an effort to decrease filling pressures. Over time, patients may become symptomatic and suffer with symptoms similar to heart failure. Illustration A is an image of a transesophageal echocardiagram displaying the leaflets of the aortic valve and aortic regurgitation. The video portrays the characteristic sound of aortic regurgitation. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: The characteristic mitral regurgitation murmur is a high pitched holosystolic murmur heard loudest at the cardiac apex. Answer 2: The characteristic mitral stenosis murmur is described as a rumbling diastolic murmur with an opening snap, heard best at the cardiac apex. Answer 3:The characteristic aortic stenosis murmur is a systolic ejection murmur heard loudest at the 2nd right intercostal space. Answer 4: An atrial myxoma is a benign tumor of the heart that is often found in the atria. It can be associated with an audible "tumor plop"- a sound related to tumor movement.
4.9
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