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Review Question - QID 100457

QID 100457 (Type "100457" in App Search)
Immunology researchers attempt to characterize the role of several cytokines in a 5-year-old male’s allergic reaction to peanuts. Months after initial exposure to peanuts, the child was brought to the ER due to repeat exposure with symptoms of anaphylaxis that resolved following epinephrine injection and supportive therapy. Which of the following best describes the role of IL-4 in the child’s response:

B cell class switching

81%

407/501

Stimulates IgA production

6%

30/501

Macrophage and Th1 cell activation

5%

27/501

Neutrophil chemotaxis

4%

22/501

Growth of cytotoxic T cells

1%

5/501

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Interleukin (IL)-4 promotes class-switching of B cells from IgM to IgE and IgG. It is an important mediator of Type I hypersensitivity reactions following initial antigen exposure.

Anaphylaxis occurs quickly in severe Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Free antigen cross-links pre-formed IgE on mast cells and basophils, prompting the release of the vasoactive substances histamine, heparin, and eosinophil chemotactic factor A. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include systemic vasodilation, bronchial/tracheal constriction, and others.

Incorrect Answers:
Answer 2: IL-5 is also responsible for B-cell class switching, but stimulates IgA production.
Answer 3: Interferon-gamma activates macrophages and Th1 cells.
Answer 4: IL-8 stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis.
Answer 5: IL-2 promotes the growth of cytotoxic T cells .

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