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Sublimation
0%
0/57
Regression
2%
1/57
Acting out
7%
4/57
Displacement
Passive aggression
89%
51/57
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The woman in the question stem is demonstrating the defense mechanism of passive aggression. Passive aggression is characterized by an expression of angry feelings in a non-confrontational way. Defense mechanisms are ways in which people distance themselves from painful or upsetting thoughts or behaviors. Sublimation, acting out, regression, and displacement are also examples of defense mechanisms. Zanari et al. compared patients with borderline personality disorder to those with other personality disorders on a test of commonly-employed defense strategies and concluded that patients with borderline personality disorder were more likely to exhibit the defense mechanisms of acting out, "emotional hypochondriasis", and undoing in relation to painful thoughts. This trio of defense mechanisms may be suggestive of borderline personality disorder. Vaillant reviews the importance of the "ego defenses", including passive aggression, in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Understanding a patient's defensive style allows the clinician to better understand the features of the patient which are initially the most diffcult to comprehend. In addition to passive aggression, hypochondriasis, fantasy, dissociation, acting out and projection are other immature defenses. Incorrect answers: Answer 1: Sublimation is replacing an unacceptable action with a similar acceptable action, for example, rather than commiting violent acts, to devote one's time to creating a comic book that displays such acts. Answer 2: Regression is reversion to an immature behavior in order to express feelings, for example sucking one's thumb as an older child. Answer 3: Acting out is using actions to express unacceptable feelings and thoughts, for example a teen who is angry about his parents' divorce punches a hole in a wall rather than verbalize his feelings. Answer 4: Displacement is taking feelings out on a neutral third party. For example, a man who gets fired from his job and returns home and physically abuses his wife.
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