• OBJECTIVE
    • The objective of this review is to present a concise summary of the genetic signaling processes involved in abnormal mouse Wolffian development and their correlation to those abnormalities affecting ureteral development in children.
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • We performed an extensive review of the current literature pertaining to mouse Wolffian duct development and combined these findings with our own data.
  • CONCLUSION
    • This article reviews embryological findings in mice with ureteral abnormalities and draws connections between the mouse anomaly and what is seen in children. A review of the current literature has led to the identification of a number of genes which may prove to be important in understanding the causes of these anomalies.