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Claudins
4%
6/136
Connexins
60%
81/136
Desmogleins
14%
19/136
E-cadherins
8%
11/136
Integrins
5/136
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The system described relies upon porous gap junctions between cardiomyocytes to conduct electricity between cells and cause depolarization in the second chamber. The drug most likely inhibits this spread of depolarization by inhibiting connexin proteins. Gap junctions are a form of connection between adjacent epithelial cells that allow for movement of small solutes and electrical charges between cells. Gap junctions are formed by connexins, which are transmembrane proteins with 4 membrane spanning domains. A hexameric array of connexins creates a hemichannel in one cell and then docks with a similar array in an adjacent cell to create a full channel. Together, the inner surfaces of these proteins serve as a hydrophilic channel that connects the cells. Physiological functions of gap junctions include solute transport between adjacent glial cells in the nervous system and electrical connection between adjacent cardiomyocytes in the heart. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Claudins form tight junctions that serve as a diffusion barrier between adjacent cells. These junctions prevent paracellular movement of solutes and allow for establishment of distinct apical and basolateral surfaces. Answer 3: Desmogleins are a key component of the desmosomes that connect adjacent keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum of the skin. These intercellular junctions provide physical strength and are lost in pemphigus vulgaris. Patients with this disease present with blisters that easily separate with minimal pressure and involve the oral mucosa. Answer 4: E-cadherins form adherens junctions that link adjacent cells and serve a signaling function with contact inhibition. Loss of these junctions promotes cancer cell metastasis. Answer 5: Integrins are located between epithelial cells and basement membranes and form hemidesmosomes that are disrupted in the disease bullous pemphigoid. Patients with this disease will present with tense bullae that spare the oral mucosa. Bullet Summary: Connexins form gap junctions that allow for transport of solutes and electrical charge between adjacent cells.
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